The Brainiacs

 A battery is a self-contained, chemical power pack that can produce a limited amount of electrical energy wherever it's needed. Unlike normal electricity, which flows to your home through wires that start off in a power plant, a battery slowly converts chemicals packed inside it into electrical energy, typically released over a period of days, weeks, months, or even years.

 Resistor Calculations requires color code charts for resistor value calculations. For fast and efficient calculations of resistors color codes from values or vice versa we can use free online tool available at nevonexpress.com > resistor color code calculator

 A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it. Printed circuit boards are used in all but the simplest electronic products. They are also used in some electrical products, such as passive switch boxes. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction, both once popular but now rarely used. PCBs require additional design effort to lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be automated. Specialized CAD software is available to do much of the work of layout. Mass-producing circuits with PCBs is cheaper and faster than with other wiring methods, as components are mounted and wired in one op

 A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force or "voltage" across a second coil wound around the same core. An AC adapter, AC/DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of external power supply, often enclosed in a case similar to an AC plug. Other common names include plug pack, plug-in adapter, adapter block, domestic mains adapter, line power adapter, wall wart, power brick, and power adapter.

Multimeter is needed for testing of electronics pcb based projects for voltage, connectivity and other issues.  Soldering iron is used along with soldering accessories to ensure proper connectivity between components and the pcb surface and ensure proper working of the system.

                                There is a huge need of security most especially in homes, work places, military area, borders. There has always been a high demand for security systems that could protect man, property, boundaries of nations. This project aims to provide surveillance in highly sensitive areas like border areas, terrorist hotspots without having to risk human life for the same.   In this project, we use a raspberry pi which is controlled via an Android Bluetooth app and a 360-degree night vision camera for surveillance purpose. The camera provides a live stream of the video that it captures which can be seen in an android app as well. The App for the camera also a complete 360-degree rotation providing complete surveillance, also featuring provision saving video as well as the audio.   The Spy robot chassis powered by a Raspberry Pi is interfaced with a Bluetooth module that communicates with an android app which sends direction controls to the chassis.

  What is embedded system? An Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function. An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market. An embedded system is not a computer system that is used primarily for processing, not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business or scientific application. High-end embedded & lower end embedded systems. High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with OS. Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile phones etc .Lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit Controllers used with an minimal operating systems and hardware layout designed for the specific purpose.

  •         An embedded system is any computer system hidden inside a product other than a computer. •         They will encounter a number of difficulties when writing embedded system software in addition to those we encounter when we write applications –        Throughput – Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time. –        Response –Our system may need to react to events quickly –        Testability –Setting up equipment to test embedded software can be difficult –        Debugability –Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out what the software is doing wrong (other than not working) is a troublesome problem –        Reliability – embedded systems must be able to handle any situation without human intervention –        Memory space – Memory is limited on embedded systems, and you must make the software and the data fit into whatever memory exists –        Program installation – you will need special tools to get your software into embedded systems –  

  1)      Military and aerospace embedded software applications 2)      Communication Applications 3)      Industrial automation and process control software 4)      Mastering the complexity of applications. 5)      Reduction of product design time. 6)      Real time processing of ever increasing amounts of data. 7)      Intelligent, autonomous sensors.

  Real Time Systems. RTS is one which has to respond to events within a specified deadline. A right answer after the dead line is a wrong answer.

  Hard Real Time Systems Soft Real Time System

"Hard" real-time systems have very narrow response time. Example: Nuclear power system, Cardiac pacemaker.

  "Soft" real-time systems have reduced constrains on "lateness" but still must operate very quickly and repeatable. Example: Railway reservation system – takes a few extra seconds the data remains valid.

Raspberry pi Bluetooth module Night vision camera Motor driver IC Crystal Oscillator Resistors Capacitors Transistors Cables and Connectors Diodes PCB and Breadboards LED Push Buttons Switch IC  IC Sockets