The Brainiacs

 

Introduction: The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increase in research aimed at improving their performance, safety, and user experience. One of the most promising technologies that could revolutionize EV research is augmented reality (AR). AR technology can enhance the visualization and analysis of complex data, making it easier to design and optimize EV systems. This paper explores AR's impact on EV research and its potential applications. Impact of AR on EV  AR technology can be used to visualize and analyze complex EV systems in a more intuitive way. For example, AR can be used to superimpose virtual models of EV components onto real-world environments, allowing researchers to visualize how different components interact with each other. This can help researchers identify potential design flaws or areas for improvement. AR can also be used to simulate different driving conditions, such as different terrains or weather conditions, allowing researchers to ...

Introduction: The increasing concern for the environment and the depletion of non-renewable resources has led to the development of alternative energy sources. One of these is electric vehicles (EVs), which run on electricity stored in batteries. EVs have gained popularity in recent years due to their zero-emissions and low operating costs. This paper aims to explore the advantages and disadvantages of EVs as an alternative to conventional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advantages: The most significant advantage of EVs is their zero-emission capability, making them environmentally friendly. They produce no tailpipe emissions, and this can significantly reduce air pollution in urban areas. Additionally, EVs are much quieter than traditional vehicles, reducing noise pollution. EVs also have lower operating costs since electricity is cheaper than gasoline. The cost of maintenance is also lower, as EVs have fewer moving parts than conventional vehicles. Disadvantages: One of the main disadvant...

Raspberry Pi is a small, credit-card-sized computer that was created by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the United Kingdom. It is designed to be affordable, accessible, and easy to use, and it has become very popular among makers, educators, and hobbyists. The Raspberry Pi was first released in 2012, and since then, there have been several models released, each with different specifications and features. The most recent model is the Raspberry Pi 4, which was released in 2019. The Raspberry Pi is powered by a Broadcom system-on-chip (SoC), which includes a CPU, GPU, and RAM. It also has several input/output (I/O) ports, including USB, Ethernet, HDMI, and GPIO (general-purpose input/output), which allow it to be connected to a wide range of peripherals and devices. One of the Raspberry Pi's most popular uses is as a learning and experimentation platform. The low cost and ease of use make it an ideal tool for teaching programming, electronics, and other STEM subjects to students of all...

 import serial import RPi.GPIO as GPIO M1=13 M2=6 M3=7 M4=12 GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) GPIO.setup(M1,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(M2,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(M3,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(M4,GPIO.OUT) port = serial.Serial("/dev/ttyAMA0", baudrate=9600, timeout=1) data1=" " data=" " def left(): #left     print("forward")          GPIO.output(M1, True)         GPIO.output(M2, False)     GPIO.output(M3, True)     GPIO.output(M4, False)      def right():     print('backward')          GPIO.output(M1, False)     GPIO.output(M2, True)     GPIO.output(M3, False)     GPIO.output(M4, True) def backward():     print('right')          GPIO.output(M1, False)     GPIO.output(M2, True)     GPIO.output(M3, True)     GPIO.output(M4, False) def forward():     print('left')    ...

 A battery is a self-contained, chemical power pack that can produce a limited amount of electrical energy wherever it's needed. Unlike normal electricity, which flows to your home through wires that start off in a power plant, a battery slowly converts chemicals packed inside it into electrical energy, typically released over a period of days, weeks, months, or even years.

 Resistor Calculations requires color code charts for resistor value calculations. For fast and efficient calculations of resistors color codes from values or vice versa we can use free online tool available at nevonexpress.com > resistor color code calculator

 A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it. Printed circuit boards are used in all but the simplest electronic products. They are also used in some electrical products, such as passive switch boxes. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction, both once popular but now rarely used. PCBs require additional design effort to lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be automated. Specialized CAD software is available to do much of the work of layout. Mass-producing circuits with PCBs is cheaper and faster than with other wiring methods, as components are mounted and wired in one...

 A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force or "voltage" across a second coil wound around the same core. An AC adapter, AC/DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of external power supply, often enclosed in a case similar to an AC plug. Other common names include plug pack, plug-in adapter, adapter block, domestic mains adapter, line power adapter, wall wart, power brick, and power adapter.

Multimeter is needed for testing of electronics pcb based projects for voltage, connectivity and other issues.  Soldering iron is used along with soldering accessories to ensure proper connectivity between components and the pcb surface and ensure proper working of the system.

                                There is a huge need of security most especially in homes, work places, military area, borders. There has always been a high demand for security systems that could protect man, property, boundaries of nations. This project aims to provide surveillance in highly sensitive areas like border areas, terrorist hotspots without having to risk human life for the same.   In this project, we use a raspberry pi which is controlled via an Android Bluetooth app and a 360-degree night vision camera for surveillance purpose. The camera provides a live stream of the video that it captures which can be seen in an android app as well. The App for the camera also a complete 360-degree rotation providing complete surveillance, also featuring provision saving video as well as the audio.   The Spy robot cha...

  What is embedded system? An Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function. An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market. An embedded system is not a computer system that is used primarily for processing, not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business or scientific application. High-end embedded & lower end embedded systems. High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with OS. Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile phones etc .Lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit Controllers used with an minimal operating systems and hardware layout designed for the specific purpose.

  •         An embedded system is any computer system hidden inside a product other than a computer. •         They will encounter a number of difficulties when writing embedded system software in addition to those we encounter when we write applications –        Throughput – Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time. –        Response –Our system may need to react to events quickly –        Testability –Setting up equipment to test embedded software can be difficult –        Debugability –Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out what the software is doing wrong (other than not working) is a troublesome problem –        Reliability – embedded systems must be able to handle any situation without human intervention –    ...

  1)      Military and aerospace embedded software applications 2)      Communication Applications 3)      Industrial automation and process control software 4)      Mastering the complexity of applications. 5)      Reduction of product design time. 6)      Real time processing of ever increasing amounts of data. 7)      Intelligent, autonomous sensors.

  Real Time Systems. RTS is one which has to respond to events within a specified deadline. A right answer after the dead line is a wrong answer.

  Hard Real Time Systems Soft Real Time System

"Hard" real-time systems have very narrow response time. Example: Nuclear power system, Cardiac pacemaker.

  "Soft" real-time systems have reduced constrains on "lateness" but still must operate very quickly and repeatable. Example: Railway reservation system – takes a few extra seconds the data remains valid.

Raspberry pi Bluetooth module Night vision camera Motor driver IC Crystal Oscillator Resistors Capacitors Transistors Cables and Connectors Diodes PCB and Breadboards LED Push Buttons Switch IC  IC Sockets

FEATURES   • Output Current up to 1A  • Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V  • Thermal Overload Protection  • Short Circuit Protection  • Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection    DESCRIPTION  The LM78XX/LM78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a Wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output Current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and current